The process of writing an essay consists of several stages:
- Choosing a topic and setting a problem;
- Reflection, reading, outlining;
- Writing;
- Checking;
- Improving what you have written.
What is the most important?
Here are the most important items in a writing an informative essay: reliance on sources, monographs, articles, textbooks, lectures (listed so as of importance). Before making a link to an electronic resource on the Internet, make sure that the site (the author of the article) you want to refer to is authoritative, belonging to a well-known university or scientific school.
- Analyze concepts, approaches, methods, and research results.
- Demonstrate understanding of the complexity of the problem.
- Logicality of reflection.
- Validity of the author’s position.
- Emotional neutrality.
The quality of an essay is determined by several factors: the quality of the source material that you are going to use, the argumentation applied (how exactly it corresponds to the problems raised in your essay), the quality of the processing of the available source material (its organization and arguments).
The problem statement is done AFTER you start reading.
“Strategic Reading” – 2-3 key articles, 8 – 10 articles developing a topic in a direction that interests you.
“Anti-Reading” – it’s important to include one or two case studies with opposing viewpoints on your reading list.
“Outline the Circle” – the content of a topic can cover a wide range of issues that require a lot of literature. In this case, you may decide to cover and illustrate only certain aspects of the topic. You won’t have a problem with the content, as long as you stay within the outlined circle, and your choice is well-founded and you can back it up with appropriate evidence.
Outline, break it down into sub-headings, “sub-headings” and “sub-sub-headings.”
The introduction should be specific about the topic and the statement of the question. It is very useful to formulate clear goals that you plan to achieve in the process of writing the essay, as well as provide brief definitions of key terms.
Try to keep the number of definitions to a minimum (say, three or four) with a summary of them (one sentence is enough).
The main part involves developing your argumentation and analysis, as well as their justification based on available data, other arguments, and positions on the issue under study.
Filling the content of the sections with your argumentation (corresponding to the subheadings), limit yourself within a paragraph to the consideration of one main idea. You can also use the technique of sequential numbering of all the paragraphs to write a draft of the paper.
When writing an essay, how and what empirical data and other sources are used is extremely important.
All data relating to a specific topic, problem, and question, so make sure it is relevant to the topic and question before using it.
When citing, always put the text in quotation marks and give an exact reference to the source. Be sure to refer to the source even when you are passing on a text in your own words, summarizing it, or paraphrasing it. Attempting to pass off someone else’s thoughts as your own will be considered plagiarism.
When you prepare a summary/message about the views of a particular author or authors who polemicize with each other, a reference to the source is also necessary. For example; “According to Sen…” “Sen. Nolan’s critique shows that… ” Do not refer to works that you have not read yourself; the only exception to this rule might be if you are referring to an author quoting another author.
When writing a draft, your main task is to work out your reasoning, polish your main thoughts, and arrange them in a strict sequence, accompanied by illustrative material or supporting data, etc.
After writing your first draft, let it sit for a day or two, and then go back to work on revising and improving it, with a “fresh head.” If you’re not sure in your knowledge or your ability to check the use an essay proofreader.
When checking, first of all, concentrate on the subsequent points:
The order of the sentences in each paragraph. The criterion is the logicality of the presentation.
Optimality of the words utilized in content and elegance.
The order of the paragraphs. The criterion – logicality of presentation.
Necessity and sufficiency of details, figures, and examples.
How to check?
Asking and answering questions to the text (criterion for evaluation – persuasiveness of answers): Does the essay you have written coincide with your intentions in the area of work structure and analysis? Is it coherent and persuasive? Was enough data used? relevant data? used effectively? etc.
Read from your opponent’s point of view.
Check stylistics (check spelling, punctuation, etc.) and coherence (meaningfulness).
If something is wrong, don’t be lazy to redo it!
Don’t forget:
- Properly design the title page;
- duplicate the topic on page 2;
- submit the essay electronically;
- and the list of references.
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